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※本影片之英中翻譯為 ICLP第7級學生高捷凱 (Daniel Eberts) 於孫雅玲老師指導「影片翻譯」課程中之作品。

　　香蕉是世界上最被浪費的產品。近五年來，食品企業家麥特．克里夫德一心一意地設法解決這個問題。歡迎來多了解，食品浪費的醜陋事實以及一個令人嘆服的解決方案。

   Bananas are the most wasted produce item on the planet. For the last five years, food entrepreneur Matt Clifford has been obsessed with fixing that. Learn about the ugly side of food waste and a compelling idea on how to address it.

　　麥特 • 克里夫德是Barnana公司的創立者之一暨營運長。Barnarna是一家B Corp認證的公司，它永續性的作法是再利用有機香蕉，減少了食品浪費並提供更營養的小吃選擇。曾獲富比士雜誌、紐約時報與男士期刊之青睞的Barnana，以其處理食品浪費問題的獨特方法而聞名世界。克里夫德是一位積極的投資人，耐力運動員，還有熱愛美食的人。他在2016年獲選富比士「30歲以下創業者」的菁英之列，也獲得《聖地牙哥商業期刊》與《Locale》雜誌之最佳企業家獎。克里夫德以極優等畢業於聖地牙哥州立大學，拿到金融學的理學士文憑，另持有牛津大學的專業進修憑證。

   Matt Clifford is the Co-Founder & COO of Barnana. A certified B-Corp, Barnana sustainably upcycles organic bananas to reduce food waste and provide a healthier snacking option. Featured in Forbes, Inc. Magazine, The New York Times, and Men’s Journal, Barnana is recognized for its unique approach to tackling the world’s food waste problem. Clifford is an active investor, endurance athlete, and lover of delicious food. He was named one of Forbes’ 30 Under 30 in 2016 and Top Entrepreneur in San Diego by both SDBJ and Locale Magazine. Clifford graduated Magna Cum Laude from San Diego State University with a Bachelor of Science in finance and holds a certificate of professional studies from Oxford University, England.

　　這次演講於TEDx會發表，其模式同於TED大會，由獨立當地社群主辦。請見此連結以了解更多：http://ted.com/tedx.

   This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

　　很好的開場！每年，世界生產1500億支香蕉出口。每年，同樣有750億支浪費了。50%的香蕉產量，每年都浪費掉。50%。近五年來我們都一心惦記著這個事實。

   Great introduction. (Laughter) Every year, 150 billion bananas are produced for export. That same year, 75 billion are never consumed. 50% of the annual production of bananas go to waste each year. 50%. For the last five years, we have been obsessed with this fact.

　　2012年，我們開始進軍香蕉產業，當時只不過單純是個做生意的想法而已，我們將在巴西很受歡迎的小吃，引進到美國吧！我知道各位在想什麼：第一，這個主意好爛，第二，那個小吃真醜。（笑聲）我們的計畫：將巴西小吃引進到美國市場，同時建立一個專門賣香蕉小吃的品牌。那麼，我們在買幾千公斤香蕉來建立我們的「香蕉帝國」之前，我們積極地收集了非常多跟香蕉有關的文獻。我記得我太太看著我說：「你真的要做啊，你真的要開一間香蕉公司！」

   Our journey into the banana business started in 2012 with a seemingly innocent business idea. Let's bring this very popular snack from Brazil to the United States. Now, I know what you're all thinking: one, that is a bad idea, and two, that is an ugly looking snack. (Laughter) Our plan: introduce this tasty Brazilian treat to the US market and build a brand synonymous with banana-based snacks. Now, before we purchased a few thousand kilos of bananas to start our ''banana empire,'' we got our hands on as much banana literature as possible. I remember my wife looking at me saying: "You're really doing this. You're starting a banana business." (Laughter)

　　應該承認，我們三個傢伙都沒有什麼食品經驗。我們想要開創一家香蕉公司，是因為我們堅定相信，美國需要這個巴西來的美味小吃。應該這樣說... 親友並不太支持我們，而且我們對前途感到茫然。我們學到了什麼呢？結果美國人狂愛香蕉。這可是好消息，美國一年消費350億支香蕉，等於全球香蕉產量的25%。美國人的香蕉消費量，比蘋果加柳橙還多。不出所料，我們也發現，我們熟悉的那種彎彎的黃色水果，不但是最常食用的水果，也是最被浪費的水果。

   Now, full disclaimer: we were three guys, with no background in food, wanting to start a banana business because we were convinced that the US needed this tasty delicious treat from Brazil. Let's just say, our friends and family were less than encouraging, and we had no idea what we were getting ourselves into. So, what did we learn? Turns out Americans are crazy for bananas. This was good news. The US consumes 35 billion bananas a year. That is 25% of the total global production of bananas. The US consumes more bananas than apples and oranges combined. Not surprisingly, we also found out that our familiar curved, yellow fruit is not only the most consumed, but also the most wasted.

　　怎麼回事呢？每年怎麼可能有750億支香蕉被浪費掉？那個數字大到讓人無法理解。是因為沒有人買？因為爛掉？被丟掉？香蕉到底怎麼回事？這些問題的答案改變了公司的發展方向，並激發一段探討食品的醜陋面之旅，而我們要繼續下去。

   So how? How are 75 billion bananas wasted each year? That number is so large, it's hard to wrap our head around. Are they not consumed? Are they spoiled? Are they thrown away? What's up with the banana? The results of these questions changed the course of our business and sparked a journey into the ugly side of food, and we haven't turned back.

　　近幾年，其實我們不是聰明只是運氣好，所以能夠成功地「升級再造」520萬支香蕉，避免浪費。（掌聲）我們的方法是先認定在香蕉的上下游供應鏈中，最浪費的階段在哪裡，並用那一階段的香蕉製作產品。公司的成長率超乎了預期，成為一家價值破百萬的企業。我們做了好事、減少浪費、創造工作以及降低碳排放。我們高興到跑去銀行那裏跟他們擊掌！我們是B Corp認證的公司，而且我們還買了一輛香蕉車！很成功，對吧？不對！

   Over the years, we've been more lucky than smart, and we've been able to successfully upcycle 5.2 million bananas from being wasted. (Applause) Our approach was to identify where the largest source of waste in the banana stream was, and make products out of that. We've exceeded all of our expectations of growth, built a multimillion-dollar business by doing good, reducing waste, creating jobs, lowering emissions. I mean, we were like high-fiving to the bank. We're a certified B-Corp, and we even purchased a banana car. Success, right? Wrong.

　　轟轟烈烈的五年以後，我們減少香蕉浪費的影響值：只有0.0632%。沒錯，這是一個小數，個位數之後還有四個數字。還不到百分之一的十分之一。我們算了三遍，我們的影響肯定比這個還大一點吧！五年了，香蕉車，那麼辛苦！那麼，750億支。市場可是很大，機會巨大。可惜的是，浪費問題不只是香蕉或水果產業特有的。這個問題已經猖獗地遍佈了全球的食品產業。每年，我們丟掉十三億噸食物，這個數量足以養活全世界45%的人。三十億人。浪費可以分成兩部分：消費與生產。右邊是消費者可恥的浪費，我們都犯過這個罪，在餐廳點了太多菜，讓東西在冰箱裡腐爛掉，或丟掉剩菜我們是人，我們會製造廢棄物。這樣的廢棄量不可小覷，佔了全球的45%。

   Five years later, all the fanfare, the net impact we've had on reducing banana waste: 0.0632%. Yes, that is a decimal, followed by four digits and a percent. Not even one-tenth of one percent. I mean, we ran the numbers three times. Surely, we had a larger impact than that. Five years, a banana car, all that hard work! Right, 75 billion. I mean, it's a big market. The opportunity is huge. The sad thing is, this issue is not unique to bananas or fruit. It is rampant across the global food complex. Every year, we lose 1.3 billion tonnes of food. That's enough to feed 45% of the world. 3 billion people. Waste can be broken into two main buckets: consumption and production. The right side of this matrix is feckless consumer waste. We are all guilty of this. We have all over-ordered at a restaurant, let full spoil in the fridge, and toss leftovers. We are humans, and we create waste. This is a huge issue and accounts for 45% of total waste.

　　今天，我們要談的是食品浪費的醜陋面，其中較少引起討論的：生產。生產可以分為幾個小部分：收穫、處理、加工包裝。這三個水桶等於全球浪費量的55%。生產損失率因國家基礎建設及作物本身特性而有所不同，不過比例令人震撼。根莖菜類，在生產過程中，70%被丟掉。水果是60%，穀類是52%，魚類是49%，肉類是48%。7億1500萬噸食物在生產過程中被浪費掉。這足以供給十五億人食用，相當於印度跟美國人口加起來的總和。

   Today, we are going to talk about the ugly side of food waste, the not-so-often talked about and discussed: production. Production consists of a few main buckets: harvesting, handling, processing and packing. These three buckets account for 55% of all food waste globally. Production loss varies depending on infrastructure of the host country and crop being harvested, but the averages are striking. Of all root vegetables wasted, 70% of them are wasted during production. 60% for fruits, 52% for cereal, 49% for fish and 48% for meat. 715 million tonnes of food is wasted in production. That's enough to feed 1.5 billion people, the combined populations of India and the United States.

　　怎麼回事呢？怎麼會有這麼多食物在生產過程中被浪費掉？可惜，這是個「外型難看」的故事。胡鬧胡蘿蔔、馬鈴薯怪物、不圓滿的柳橙，如今不再出現在超市裡。我們都有一份責任，因為我們不太願意買所謂的「畸形水果或難看蔬菜」。生產完美作物是社會制度下的壓力，也是非常可惜的。其他導致浪費的因素包括：沒有效率的洗滌及包裝設施、缺乏道路等基礎設施、運送中碰撞及損壞。我們往往是進一步退兩步。不合乎零售商標準的難看水果蔬菜就棄置在世界各地的農田。世界上有7億2300萬人處於隨時面臨飢餓的狀況，這實在是個當代悲劇。

   So how? How are 715 million tonnes of food wasted in the production side? Unfortunately, this is a story about being ugly. The crazy carrot, the Frankenstein potato, and the not-so-round orange are no longer found at our local supermarkets. We are partly to blame as we are not so keen to pick up the so-called "ugly fruit and vegetable." And this pressure to produce perfect is systemic and highly unfortunate. Other factors contributing to production waste are inefficient washing and packing facilities, lack of infrastructure, as in roads, and bruising and scarring during transportation. It's often we take one step forward and two steps backward. Ugly fruits and vegetables that don't meet the quality standards set by retailers are left unwanted and unshipped at farms across the world. With 723 million people classified as food insecure, this is a modern tragedy.  

　　可是，還有好消息。食品浪費不再僅是在達沃斯或聯合國討論的崇高學術問題了。我們五年前啟動的事業，證明了能夠從廢棄流程還原價值。而且不只是我們。從這個錯綜複雜的浪費過程中，越來越多公司開始創造價值，可惜的是，這不夠好。我們需要扭轉有關生產浪費的情況。7億1500萬噸廢棄食物意味著：我們有一個安於現狀的問題，也有一個系統模式的問題。談食物浪費是個忌諱。在家裡是個忌諱，在大規模公司的董事會裡也是。公司不想知道，其行動所導致的後果，更不用說讓客戶知道。

   However, there's good news. Food loss is no longer a lofty academic goal discussed at Davos and the United Nations. What we started five years ago is proof that there's value in the waste stream. And we're not alone. More and more companies are creating value from the large complex of production loss, but sadly, it's not enough. We need a shift in the narrative of production loss. With 715 million tonnes of food wasted, we have an acceptance problem just as much as we have a systems problem. Food waste is taboo. It's taboo in your home, and it's taboo in the boardroom of large companies. Companies don't want to be told their actions cause undue harm and they certainly don't want their customers to be told that.

　　兩年前，財富雜誌封面上的標題是「大型食品產業之戰」。自2009年以來，前25大食品公司總共失去了180億美金的市場價值。現在正是食品巨頭、農業巨頭投入廢物重新利用的市場的時候了。這有益於損益表，也有益於世界。公司跟消費者都有責任，不過我們更容易抨擊造孽的公司。農業巨頭、食品巨頭的浪費問題之所以不透明，是因為我們都把浪費的存在污名化，構成了今天的忌諱。這個忌諱就是食物浪費的黑盒子，不能討論，不能公開，不能處理。直到我們做出改變之前，浪費都不會成為主流焦點，而只會是一群熱心人士杯水車薪的努力。我們都必須面對這個被集體忽視的問題，不再有罪惡感，敞開討論。我們不應向大型食品公司宣戰，而要與其合作。

   Two years ago, the cover of Fortune magazine was ''War on Big Food.'' Since 2009, the top 25 largest food companies have lost over 18 billion dollars in market value. The time is now for Big Food and Big Ag to get in the waste game. It's good for the P&L, and it's good for the planet. Companies are no better than consumers, however, we demonize companies exponentially more for all their vices. Big Ag and Big Food are not transparent about waste, because we have negatively stigmatized waste, creating the taboo we have today. The results of that taboo is a black box of food waste that is not discussed, shared or addressed. Until we make this shift, waste will be a fringe problem for a group of passionate players trying to get dent in a big issue. We need to address the elephant in the room, remove the guilt and open the conversation. We need to not make war on big food, but work with big food.

　　目前浪費只在宏觀層面進行討論。它掩埋在聯合國白皮書裡，但是事情不必如此。假如這些大巨頭開始把資訊公諸於世，包括產品及處理流程中所有被浪費的量化數字，及其所帶來的挑戰會怎樣？假如我們邀請所有食品公司來分享浪費真相，而不必心懷愧疚會怎樣？假如我們創造一個《X獎基金會》式的鼓勵獎項，呼籲企業家、各界學者及專家集思廣益來協助升級再造並重新利用每年所浪費的7億1500萬噸食物會怎樣？這樣可以打造一個廢料流程清楚、更容易執行回收的透明世界，這樣可以抓住創新機會，邀請企業家來投入挑戰。我們五年前設立的事業足以證明這一點。我堅信獲得可用的相關訊息後，企業界可以在食物浪費的醜陋面做出一小步貢獻。謝謝。

   Today waste is reported on a macro level. It's buried in white papers in the United Nations, but it doesn't have to be that way. What if Big Food and Big Ag publish reports quantifying the commodity, item or process they are experiencing increased challenges with? What if we invited all food companies to share their waste and not feel guilty about it? What if we created an X-prize-style challenge calling on entrepreneurs, academics and professionals to submit ideas on how to repurpose, reuse or upcycle the 715 million tonnes of food wasted annually? This would create a world and waste [that] is much more transparent and far more actionable. It'd create insight into where opportunities exist and invite entrepreneurs to tackle the challenge. What we started five years ago is proof, and I am confident that with access to the right information, the community can make a dent in the ugly side of food. Thank you.

※ 譯者：高捷凱／2018年夏季班／ICLP七級